19th century

The 19th century (1 January 1801 – 31 December 1900) was the century marked by the collapse of the Spanish, First and Second French, Chinese,Holy Roman and Mughal empires. This paved the way for the growing influence of the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States, the German Empire, the Second French Colonial Empire and the Empire of Japan, with the British boasting unchallenged dominance after 1815. After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the British and Russian empires expanded greatly, becoming the world's leading powers. The Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia. The British Empire grew rapidly in the first half of the century, especially with the expansion of vast territories in Canada, Australia, South Africa and heavily populated India, and in the last two decades of the century in Africa. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the world's land and one quarter of the world's population. During the post Napoleonic era it enforced what became known as the Pax Britannica, which helped trade.

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The history of universal basic income: The concept of UBI has been debated for centuries

Business Insider 30 Mar 2025
The idea of a universal basic income, which is now growing in popularity, has been around for centuries ... One of Paine's contemporaries, Thomas Spence, an English activist in the mid-19th century, called for payments that mirrored the modern idea of UBI much more directly....
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Colombia and Cocaine: Is Legalization a Viable Solution?

Colombia One 30 Mar 2025
As the world’s leading producer of this psychoactive substance, Colombia has suffered for nearly half a century from the scourge of drug trafficking ... In some ways, the rise of coca farming mirrors the early days of coffee cultivation in Colombia during the 19th century....
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Inside Les Lumières Versailles, the First Hotel With Brad Pitt’s Skincare Line

New York Observer 27 Mar 2025
The five-star Hôtel Les Lumières, which debuted ahead of the 2024 Paris Olympics, comprises two 17th-century pavilions, Villacerf and Gramont ... It’s adorned with 19th-century chandeliers and carpets, as well as Barbie-worthy velvet pink seating, and the impressive windows overlook the Place d’Armes....
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London exhibit spotlights Victor Hugo’s drawings

Taipei Times 23 Mar 2025
AFP, LONDON ... The exhibition’s notes say that while the Romantic author and politician came to be a leading public figure in France in the 19th century, “in private, his refuge was drawing.”. A woman looks at Mirror With Birds during a preview of an exhibition of Victor Hugo’s drawings at the Royal Academy of Arts in London on Tuesday ... ....
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Hidden for 175 years: Photographer's mysterious "witch mirror" 3D self-portrait emerges

Boing Boing 21 Mar 2025
... using a "witch's mirror" — a clever piece of 19th-century surveillance technology....
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Remembering Beirut's synagogue, a jewel of Indian and Arab Jewry

The New Arab 17 Mar 2025
The historians of the Jewish community (Flower Elias and Judith Cooper Elias) say that the first recorded Jewish migrant to Calcutta was Shalom Obadiah Cohen, who came in 1798 from Aleppo, and then a wave of Baghdadi Jews came to trade in this British colonial city from the early 19th century....

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